Tag: All Content from Business Insider

• Dmitry Medvedev is at it again, threatening Western leaders with nuclear attacks if they cross a line.
• Medvedev says no leaders in Washington, Paris, and London won't "be able to hide" if they send troops to Ukraine.
• The former Russian president regularly makes bombastic threats against the West.

Former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on Monday threatened nuclear strikes on Western leaders who want to send their troops to Ukraine, doubling down on his increasingly hostile rhetoric toward the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

"The choir of irresponsible bastards from among Western elites calling for sending their troops to the nonexistent country is expanding," Medvedev wrote in a message on social media.

He pointed to leaders and politicians in the US, UK, France, the Baltics, and Poland who floated the idea of supplying Kyiv with troops.

Medvedev said any deployment of NATO troops would essentially be a direct engagement in war, and that Russia would have to respond "not within Ukraine's borders."

"In that case, none of them will be able to hide either on Capitol Hill, or in the Elysee Palace, or in Downing Street, 10. It will be a global catastrophe," Medvedev added.

The former president, who held the office from 2008 to 2012, cited retaliation as a reason Russia recently started running drills for "the use of nonstrategic nuclear weapons."

Russia on Monday announced drills with tactical nukes near Ukraine, which it said are being held in response to recent "threats" from the West.

Strategic nuclear weapons are those typically launched via intercontinental ballistic missiles. The type referred to by Medvedev typically provides smaller yields — though they can still be devastating — and can be delivered through a variety of means such as shorter-range missiles or even trucks.

Russia has been using threats of nuclear war to posture against countries supporting Ukraine, with repeated references to nonstrategic nukes potentially being used if certain red lines set by Moscow are crossed.

Western nations "must realize that we also have weapons that can hit targets on their territory," Russian leader Vladimir Putin said in March.

But such threats have also been categorized as bluffs by Western leaders, who say the Kremlin hopes to scare Ukraine's allies off.

Meanwhile, NATO has continued to supply Ukraine with about $168 billion in weapons, arms, and other forms of aid. Last month, the US approved a package worth $61 billion to Kyiv, which Ukraine says is vital to maintaining its defensive positions against Russia's advance.

As for Medvedev, the former president has been loudly pro-war since Russia invaded Ukraine. He regularly takes to social media to call for extreme measures in response to perceived Western grievances, such as a hypersonic missile strike on the Hague after it issued an arrest warrant for Putin.

In April, he said each NATO soldier sent to Ukraine should have a "maximum reward" bounty placed on their heads.

NATO has said that it's not deploying its own troops in Ukraine and isn't seriously planning to do so, though some allied leaders say they might be open to such a possibility.

French President Emmanuel Macron, for example, has repeatedly said he wouldn't rule out sending troops to aid Kyiv. Medvedev often responds to Macron directly, insulting him on social media in English, Russian, and French.

Experts in Russian politics previously told Business Insider's Sinead Baker that Medvedev's hostile rhetoric might be an attempt to impress Putin.

"Medvedev is like one of the weaker guys in Tony Soprano's circles, who just has to go and do horrible things to appease the boss," Edward Lucas, senior advisor at the Center for European Policy Analysis, said.

Medvedev now serves as deputy chairman of Russia's Security Council.

• The FAA said on Monday that it's probing Boeing amid reports of employees not completing 787 checks.
• An internal memo from Boeing said some workers recorded themselves finishing a test they didn't perform.
• The tests had to do with the bonding between the wings and fuselage of the 787 Dreamliner.

The Federal Aviation Administration is investigating whether Boeing employees may have falsified plane safety records for the 787 Dreamliner, adding to the manufacturer's woes as it faces regulatory scrutiny.

In a statement on Monday, the FAA said that Boeing voluntarily flagged that it might not have properly performed quality inspections on the bonding between the wings and fuselage of some 787s.

"The FAA is investigating whether Boeing completed the inspections and whether company employees may have falsified aircraft records," the statement said.

No planes are expected to be taken out of service, and Boeing has said that the lapse "did not create an immediate safety of flight issue."

The investigation comes after Scott Stocker, head of the 787 manufacturing program, issued an internal memo on April 29 saying the firm found that several employees failed to perform required tests.

Stocker's memo, seen by Business Insider, said that a Boeing employee noticed an "irregularity in a required conformance test in wing body join," and reported it to his manager.

"After receiving the report, we quickly reviewed the matter and learned that several people had been violating Company policies by not performing a required test, but recording the work as having been completed," Stocker wrote.

Stocker added that Boeing had taken "swift and serious corrective action" against those who broke procedure, and would discuss with several teams how to prevent the problem from reoccurring.

In response to queries from BI, a Boeing spokesperson said the company had notified the FAA and that "this is not an immediate safety of flight issue for the in-service fleet."

Boeing staff will have to re-run tests on the remaining 787s in production, likely causing further delivery delays from its Charleston, South Carolina facility. That could spell further trouble for customers, with American Airlines already saying on May 1 that it was cutting some flights because it wasn't receiving enough 787s.

The aircraft manufacturer has been facing intense regulatory pressure after a door plug from a 737 Max blew out mid-flight in January, prompting the FAA to order the grounding of over 170 such planes. A report by the administration later found that Boeing's 737 Max production had since failed 33 out of 89 audits.

The door plug incident has reignited scrutiny of Boeing and its 737s, which were originally the subject of safety concerns after two crashes in 2018 and 2019 that killed a combined 346 people in Indonesia and Ethiopia.

The backlash has sent the company scrambling to recalibrate its factories and delivery plans, with Boeing CEO Dave Calhoun saying the manufacturer would have to own up to "our mistake" and re-establish its safety track record.

In its Q1 2024 report, Boeing said it was burning through $3.9 billion in cash, up from $786 million in the same period last year.

Several former Boeing employees who became company whistleblowers have raised concerns about 787 Dreamliner production, alleging that the manufacturer was prioritizing profit over quality.

One whistleblower, Sam Salehpour, said in April that he saw "shortcuts employed by Boeing to reduce bottlenecks during the 787 assembly process" amid a "schedule over safety" culture. Boeing denied his claims.

Another ex-employee, John Barnett, slammed 787 production for years and said he observed issues with oxygen mask deployment in the jets, which he felt weren't properly addressed.

Barnett was set to proceed with a deposition in a whistleblowing case against Boeing, but was found dead in March with what authorities said was a self-inflicted gun wound.

Joshua Dean, a former employee of Boeing supplier Spirit AeroSystems who accused the firm of quality issues, died on Wednesday after contracting a sudden illness.

• Kevin O'Leary said he would've fired the Hims & Hers CEO for backing the pro-Palestinian protests.
• Andrew Dudum initially told student protesters to "keep going" because "it's working."
• O'Leary said he thought Dudum's remarks were self-serving and foolish.

Hims & Hers CEO Andrew Dudum should have been fired immediately for supporting the pro-Palestinian student protesters, says "Shark Tank" host and investor Kevin O'Leary.

"I would have fired this individual seconds after he made those remarks. Be gone," O'Leary said of Dudum on Fox Business' "The Big Money Show" on Monday.

Dudum expressed support for the anti-Israel student protests that have rocked American colleges like Columbia University and UCLA. On May 1, Dudum said in an X post that student protesters should "keep going" because "it's working."

"There are plenty of companies & CEOs eager to hire you, regardless of university discipline," Dudum wrote before attaching a link to his company's careers page.

Dudum's remarks, O'Leary said, were self-serving and detrimental to his company's interests.

"Who are you serving by saying that? You know you're in a highly polarized situation. Fifty percent of your market does not agree with your view. We know that's the case. People are very polarized by this war, as they are in every war," O'Leary said.

"You're serving yourself," he added. "And for that I call you an idiot, and I whack you."

On Sunday, Dudum clarified his stance, saying in an X post that "there is absolutely no justification for violence on our campuses."

"Every student deserves to feel safe without fear of harm or being targeted for who they are," Dudum wrote. "I am deeply saddened that my support for peaceful protest has been interpreted by some as encouraging violence, intimidation, or bigotry of any kind."

Representatives for O'Leary and Dudum didn't immediately respond to requests for comment from BI sent outside regular business hours.

This isn't the first time O'Leary has warned about the consequences of taking a stand on the Israel's war on Gaza could have on one's career.

Last week, the businessman said in an interview on Fox News' "The Five" that pro-Palestinian student protesters will be "screwed" when they start job hunting. This, O'Leary says, is because employers can rely on advancements in artificial intelligence to screen out applicants who joined the protests.

"This is what's happening with AI. So if you're burning down something, or taking a flag down, or fighting with police, I'm sorry, you're trashing your personal brand," O'Leary told CNN's Laura Poole in an interview on May 1.

Dudum's partial walk back of his remarks on the protests also highlights the challenges executives face when dealing with highly contentious political issues.

Last month, a group of Google workers filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board, saying they were fired for protesting the tech giant's work with Israel.

In their complaint, the workers claimed they were engaging in a "peaceful, non-disruptive protest."

"This is a very clear case of employees disrupting and occupying work spaces, and making other employees feel threatened and unsafe," a Google spokesperson said in a statement to BI.

"By any standard, their behavior was completely unacceptable – and widely seen as such," the statement continued.

• Elon Musk revealed that SpaceX "basically uses no AI."
• The SpaceX CEO said that although he's open to using it, he hasn't found a use for it yet.
• "There's still a long way to go," he said.

Elon Musk is not planning on recreating "2001: A Space Odyssey" anytime soon.

Musk, who answered questions during 27th annual Milken Institute Global Conference on Monday, spent a sizable portion of his talk extolling the benefits of artificial intelligence. At one point, he said a "truth-seeking" AI could "foster human civilization" when asked about the role the technology would play in human's everyday lives.

But when asked whether AI could "accelerate" his efforts in space exploration, he seemed less excited about the technology.

"Can AI accelerate your efforts in space? How do you see it helping you in what you're trying to achieve?" financier Michael Milken, who moderated the talk, asked.

"I mean, oddly enough, one of the areas where there's almost no AI used is space exploration," Musk replied. "So SpaceX uses basically no AI, Starlink does not use AI. I'm not against using it. We haven't seen a use for it."

Musk continued, saying that he's been testing improved AI language models by asking them questions about space — and the results have been disappointing.

"With any given variant of or improvements in AI, I mean, I'll ask it questions about the Fermi paradox, about rocket engine design, about electrochemistry — and so far, the AI has been terrible at all those questions," Musk said, referencing the paradox that asks why we haven't come across alien life despite the high likelihood it exists in the universe. "So, there's still a long way to go."

Musk is still reaching for the AI stars

Though he expressed some skepticism about AI for space exploration, Musk has still invested heavily in the development of artificial intelligence through his startup company, xAI, a project that aims to use the tech "to accelerate human scientific discovery," according to its website. Musk has previously predicted AI will outsmart humans by the end of 2026.

At his other companies, AI use is much more integrated. At X, Musk integrated his AI chatbot Grok — similar to ChatGPT — into the social media platform. Musk also considered using AI to help summarize news on the site.

And at Tesla, Musk hopes to build a sentient labor robot called Optimus — though for his cars, he's paused AI development because he did not hold 25% stake in the company. The billionaire said it would allow him more control over the direction of AI at the company.

"If I have 25%, it means I am influential, but can be overridden if twice as many shareholders vote against me vs for me. At 15% or lower, the for/against ratio to override me makes a takeover by dubious interests too easy," he said on X.

He has also expressed wariness about potential risks to humanity and society that AI could bring about, including the spread of misinformation and widespread automation of jobs. The tech billionaire also believed there was a small chance that a super-intelligent AI could save humanity — or end it.

"I think there's some chance that it will end humanity. I probably agree with Geoff Hinton that it's about 10% or 20% or something like that," Musk said, speaking in a "Great AI Debate" seminar at the four-day Abundance Summit in March.

But, he added we should take the risk anyway, saying: "I think that the probable positive scenario outweighs the negative scenario."

Representatives for Musk and the Milken Institute did not immediately respond to requests for comment from Business Insider.

• Mustafa Suleyman, a founder of Google's DeepMind AI lab, has worked for Microsoft for about a month.
• He said his short tenure is "one of the most exciting and fulfilling times I've ever experienced."
• Microsoft, Suleyman said, is "a truly AI-first business."

Mustafa Suleyman, who co-founded Google's DeepMind AI lab and was the chief executive of the startup Inflection AI before Microsoft lured him away in March, is excited about his new gig.

"I've been at Microsoft for just over a month. It's been an exhilarating journey getting to know a huge number of people, organizations and projects, without doubt one of the most exciting and fulfilling times I've ever experienced," he wrote Monday in a series of posts on X, formerly Twitter.

He said the company has a "genuinely supportive and strong culture from top to bottom," which is rare in any size business, but it seems the bigger draw for him is that "AI is everything" at Microsoft.

"Microsoft is a truly AI-first business driving the biggest technological transformation of our time," Suleyman wrote, praising the leadership of Satya Nadella, Microsoft's CEO, as well as Chief Technology Officer Kevin Scott. "I knew this already of course… But seeing this in practice, at this scale, is impressive."

When Nadella announced Suleyman's move to Microsoft in March, he said the company was gearing up to take a shot at building technology "that was once thought impossible and that lives up to our mission to ensure the benefits of AI reach every person and organization on the planet, safely and responsibly."

Suleyman, who has previously described AI as a "fundamentally labor-replacing" tool, has indicated that he takes that responsibility particularly seriously — and on Monday said he's glad his new company does, too.

"Responsible AI is a cornerstone," Suleyman wrote on X, adding: "It's still only the beginning of a long journey ahead, but we have a vision for Copilot that is ambitious and, we believe, truly transformational. I couldn't be more energized. Let's make it happen!"

Business Insider reported in March that users aren't quite sold on Microsoft's Copilot yet, with some complaining that it doesn't perform as well as OpenAI's ChatGPT — but, based on his most recent comments, it appears Suleyman is up for the challenge of making Microsoft's tech a real competitor in the AI space.

Suleyman did not immediately respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.

• Tesla CEO Elon Musk suggested Boeing has "too many" non-technical managers.
• Musk's tweet comes hours before Boeing's Starliner makes its first launch attempt.
• Tesla continued its wave of layoffs over the weekend. 

Elon Musk is chiding Boeing on social media for employing "too many" non-technical managers amid a wave of ongoing layoffs at his own company, Tesla.

Musk fired off his thoughts on X this week, responding to reporting on Boeing's Starliner spacecraft, which is set to make a launch attempt on Monday evening after years of delays and setbacks.

In 2014, NASA granted Boeing $4.2 billion and Musk's SpaceX $2.6 billion to develop a commercial crew system that could transport astronauts to the International Space Station. Despite working with a little more than half of the money that Boeing received, SpaceX beat the company to launch, testing its Crew Dragon capsule in May 2020.

Musk seemed to imply in his Monday tweet that part of the reason Boeing racked up more than a billion dollars in cost overruns is because of its approach to management.

"Too many non-technical managers at Boeing," Musk tweeted.

Technical managers typically oversee technical projects, offering hands-on experience and subject matter expertise in hard skills like coding and software engineering. Non-technical managers, meanwhile, tend to be focused on broader aspects of a company like strategic planning, communication, and decision-making.

Boeing did not immediately respond to Business Insider's response for comment.

Musk has opined about non-technical managers in the past, writing in a May 2020 tweet that he "strongly" believes "all managers in a technical area much be technically excellent."

"Managers in software must write great software or it's like being a cavalry captain who can't ride a horse!" the billionaire wrote.

Musk's Monday post came just hours after Tesla sent out a fourth round of layoff notices on Sunday evening. The company announced it was cutting more than 10% of its workforce last month. Musk cited a "duplication of roles and job functions in certain areas" as the reason for the cuts.

The house-cleaning has impacted multiple different teams, including several executives. Musk told higher-ups last week that Tesla needed to be "absolutely hardcore about headcount," The Information reported.

• Elon Musk criticized Boeing on X ahead of its first astronaut flight to space.
• SpaceX beat Boeing to the punch, flying NASA astronauts to the space station four years ago for cheaper.
• Musk said Boeing has "too many non-technical managers."

Elon Musk soured the day of Boeing's first astronaut flight to space by lobbing criticism at the company on X, the platform formerly known as Twitter.

Boeing built the Starliner spaceship in collaboration with NASA, and it's set to launch into space on Monday evening, carrying astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams to the International Space Station.

But SpaceX beat them to the punch in 2020 when it became the first private company to fly astronauts in space and ended a nine-year hiatus in US human spaceflight.

Musk was sure to point this out in an X post on Monday, stating "SpaceX finished 4 years sooner." Boeing did not immediately respond to Business Insider's request for comment.

The SpaceX Crew Dragon spaceship that accomplished the feat came from the same NASA initiative that's flying Starliner on Monday. The effort, called the Commercial Crew Program, gave Boeing $4.2 billion to design, build, and test its spaceship.

Not only did SpaceX do it faster — its spaceship was also cheaper, costing NASA just $2.6 billion. Since its first crewed flight in 2020, the company has flown seven astronaut crews to and from the ISS for NASA, with its eighth currently living on the station. It has also flown four private missions.

With each flight, SpaceX has earned money, while Boeing has been sinking more and more funds into Starliner.

Musk, who founded SpaceX in 2002, pointed out the disparity on X on Monday morning. He attributed it to "too many non-technical managers at Boeing."

Musk was reposting an Ars Technica article by the publication's senior space editor Eric Berger, which laid out in detail how "Boeing decisively lost the commercial crew space race, and it proved to be a very costly affair."

There were clear technical reasons for the delays. During Starliner's first attempt to fly to the ISS without a crew, software errors forced it to return to Earth early. Then a series of issues, including dysfunctional valves in the propulsion system, caused further delays.

But commentators like Musk and Berger say there's an underlying cause.

The Commercial Crew Program represents a major shift in how NASA sees its contractors. Going forward, from space stations to the moon to Mars, NASA wants to foster a new competitive economy in space. Rather than the entity running everything, the agency wants to be one of many customers on companies' space stations, spaceships, and lunar bases.

That's part of why Crew Dragon and Starliner were on fixed-price contracts. NASA set the price, and then SpaceX and Boeing had to build and fly the spaceships to NASA's specifications.

After all, the companies would have other customers on their spaceships. They weren't building them just for the government. So it's on them if costs start to balloon.

That's an adjustment for Boeing as a legacy contractor for the Department of Defense and NASA, aerospace expert George Nield previously told Business Insider.

Boeing was used to the government paying all of its expenses to deliver the best possible product. Under that model, Berger explained, "cost overruns and delays were not the company's problem — they were NASA's."

Suddenly, with a fixed price, "it's up to the company to figure out what risks to take in terms of new technologies and new approaches," said Nield, who is a former associate administrator of the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation.

Adjusting to the fixed-price model was a challenge for Boeing, which has long had the luxury of moving slowly. Scrappy SpaceX, however, was "in its natural environment," as Berger put it.

A spokesperson told Berger that "challenges arise when the fixed price acquisition approach is applied to serious technology development requirements, or when the requirements are not firmly and specifically defined resulting in trades that continue back and forth before a final design baseline is established."

According to Berger, the spokesperson added: "A fixed price contract offers little flexibility for solving hard problems that are common in new product and capability development."

• Donald Trump's criminal trial finally arrived at the 34 documents at the heart of the case.
• Prosecutors allege Trump falsified records to cover up reimbursements to Michael Cohen.
• Longtime Trump Organization employees testified about the handling of reimbursements.

For the past two weeks, jurors in former President Donald Trump's Manhattan criminal trial heard about extra-marital affairs, seedy "catch and kill" machinations, and the frantic damage control within his campaign ahead of the 2016 election.

On Monday, they heard a lot about accounting.

Prosecutors spent the day presenting two dry — but crucial — witnesses who handled The Trump Organization's finances, cutting checks and creating records within the company.

Those witnesses, longtime Trump Organization employees Jeffrey McConney and Deborah Tarassoff, handled the checks, invoices, and other records that comprise the 34 business records the Manhattan district attorney's office alleges Trump illegally falsified.

This paperwork, shown on giant TV screens in the courtroom, is the crux of the case.

The purpose of those falsifications, prosecutors say, was to cover up reimbursements to Michael Cohen, who wired a $130,000 hush-money payment to porn actress Stormy Daniels just 11 days before the 2016 presidential election.

District Attorney Alvin Bragg alleges the money interfered with the election by silencing Daniels' story, long denied by Trump, of a hotel-suite fling during a Lake Tahoe celebrity golf tournament in 2006, just months after Melania Trump gave birth to their son.

After a brief hearing Monday morning — in which the judge held Trump in contempt for a 10th gag order violation and threatened to jail him — prosecutors called McConney to the stand.

Under a mop of shiny white hair, McConney testified about how finances were managed at the Trump Organization, where he worked for over 30 years and served as the company's controller before retiring in February 2023. He oversaw 401K plans, loan documents, and payroll processing.

Most crucially for the case, he also oversaw Trump's accounts payable department and the accounts receivable department.

"Accounts receivable is the other side, when someone owes you money," McConney said, making grabbing motions in the air with his hands.

The two Trump Organization employees were responsible for making sure Cohen got paid

McConney testified about a meeting in January 2017 with Allen Weisselberg, the Trump Organization's chief financial officer at the time.

Weisselberg has since stepped down from the position. He was sentenced to five months in jail in 2022 for a Trump Organization felony payroll tax-fraud prosecution, and is now serving another five-month sentence for felony perjury in last year's Trump Organization civil fraud trial.

The Trump Organization needed to reimburse Cohen for some money, McConney testified that Weissberg told him.

"Are you familiar with someone named Michael Cohen?" Colangelo asked McConney on the stand.

McConney gave a heavy sigh, paused, and then answered, "Yes."

"He said he was a lawyer," McConney added, to some laughter in the courtroom.

Prosecutors showed jurors a copy of a bank statement revealing that Cohen sent $130,000 to Keith Davidson — an attorney representing Stormy Daniels, who testified earlier — from one of his accounts.

In handwritten notes shown to the jury, Weisselberg had added $50,000 to cover technical services, doubled that sum to account for the taxes, and then added on a $60,000 bonus.

That total of $420,000 should be disbursed to Cohen throughout 2017, in $35,000 chunks, McConney jotted down in a second document.

Colangelo led jurors meticulously through what prosecutors say was the phonied up paperwork for each of these reimbursement checks.

Each reimbursement check began with Cohen emailing an invoice — and a personal greeting — to Weisselberg, the CFO.

"Hope you are holding up and not damaged by the hurricane to your Florida home," Cohen emailed the CFO in September of 2017.

"Happy Thanksgiving and hope all is well," Cohen emailed the CFO when he sent along his November invoice.

In each month's email Cohen would attach a brief invoice — 11 in all, each of them a falsified document, the DA alleges.

"Dear Allen," each began. "Pursuant to the retainer agreement, kindly remit payment," the invoice would continue.

Weisselberg forwarded each invoice to McConney, the controller, who would forward them to Tarasoff, the accounts payable supervisor.

Tarasoff would print and cut the checks, 11 in all — each of them another alleged falsified document.

Jurors saw each of these checks, too, including nine Capital One personal checks to Cohen that Trump would need to sign himself throughout his first year at the White House.

That created a problem, McConney said. For decades, Trump worked from his office upstairs in Trump Tower, and it was easy to get ahold of him to sign a check. As president, he was rarely in New York, McConney said.

"Somehow, we would have to get a package to the White House," McConney said. Yet another Trump Organization employee would FedEx the checks to Trump in DC, he testified.

In the afternoon, prosecutor Christopher Conroy slogged through more records with Tarasoff, who said she has worked at the Trump Organization for 24 years.

Tarasoff sounded both anxious and cautious as she walked jurors through the process of printing, cutting, and creating payment vouchers for each check.

The parade of emails and invoices didn't excite everyone. At one point during Tarasoff's testimony, Trump's lawyer Todd Blanche let out a wide-mouthed yawn.

Conroy scored a point that seemed to demonstrate Trump was paying attention to each and every check. Sometimes, Tarassoff testified, he'd write "VOID" on a check if he didn't want it paid.

"It was signed in black and it was in Sharpie and that's what he usually uses," Tarasoff said.

• A fusion reactor in southern France achieved a significant milestone toward clean, limitless energy.
• The fusion reactor, WEST, created a super-hot plasma and sustained it for a record-breaking 6 minutes.
• The experiment is laying the groundwork for a larger fusion reactor called ITER.

A fusion reactor in southern France, called WEST, just achieved an important milestone that brings us one step closer to clean, sustainable, nearly limitless energy.

Scientists at New Jersey's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, who collaborated on the project, announced today that the device created a super-hot material called a plasma that reached 90 million degrees Fahrenheit (50 million degrees Celsius) for 6 straight minutes.

The ultimate goal is to sustain a super-hot plasma for many hours, but 6 minutes is a new world record for a device like WEST. Other nuclear reactors similar to WEST have created hotter plasmas, but they haven't lasted as long.

WEST is what's called a tokamak. It's a donut-shaped fusion reactor the size of an 8-by-8-foot room with 8-foot-tall ceilings, capable of generating the same type of energy that powers our sun. That's why scientists sometimes call these machines "artificial suns."

"What we are trying to do is create a sun on Earth," Luis Delgado-Aparicio, PPPL's head of advanced projects, told Business Insider. "And that is extremely, extremely challenging," he said, but this new record suggests they're headed in the right direction.

The sun runs on nuclear fusion (when atomic nuclei combine and release energy) not to be confused with the nuclear fission process (when atomic nuclei split apart and release energy) that powers today's nuclear reactors.

Fusion energy is more powerful than any form of energy we have today. If we can harness that power, it could produce almost 4 million times more energy per kilogram of fuel than fossil fuels. Plus, it's carbon-free.

Significant challenges remain before that becomes a reality, which is where experimental reactors like WEST come in.

While WEST won't be used to generate fusion for electricity to power homes, it's critical for the research that's laying the groundwork for future commercial reactors.

WEST creates more energy and lays the groundwork for ITER

WEST has a lot in common with ITER, a nearby reactor being built in southern France, which will be the world's largest tokamak capable of self-sustaining burning plasmas when it's finished. Creating that self-heating mix is a crucial step to harnessing the power of fusion for commercial purposes.

However, due to cost and technology setbacks, it's unclear when ITER will be finished. In the meantime, other facilities are conducting experiments to figure out how best to operate the giant reactor. That includes WEST.

The two reactors are practically neighbors, Delgado-Aparicio said, and the experiments at WEST are directly applicable to ITER.

For fusion to happen on Earth, the fuel needs to reach at least 50 million degrees Celsius. One of the main obstacles fusion power faces is that it takes a tremendous amount of energy to generate those extreme temperatures, and, so far, reactors can't sustain a plasma long enough to gain an energy surplus that could be put toward commercial use. So, for now, fusion reactors typically consume more energy than they produce.

WEST's latest breakthrough was no exception. However, it did generate 15% more energy from fusion compared to earlier attempts, PPPL reported in a statement. Moreover, the plasma was twice as dense, another important component of creating more energy.

The key to WEST's record success: tungsten

WEST is helping scientists test the best materials for building the walls inside a fusion reactor, which isn't easy since these environments can reach temperatures more than three times hotter than the sun's center.

Originally, WEST contained carbon walls. While carbon is easy to work with, Delgado-Aparicio said, it also absorbs tritium, a rare hydrogen isotope that fuels the fusion reaction.

"Imagine you have a wall that is not only a wall, but it's some sort of a sponge," he said, "a sponge that absorbs your fuel."

So, in 2012, scientists decided to test a different material for the tokamak's walls, tungsten — the same material that ITER will use for some of its main components.

Because of tungsten's ability to withstand heat without absorbing tritium, Delgado-Aparicio believes it is the ideal material for tokamak walls.

That said, tungsten isn't perfect. One of its downfalls is it can melt and enter the plasma, contaminating it. In turn, this can counteract the process, radiating a lot of energy away and cooling the plasma.

Therefore, to optimize the system, scientists need to understand how exactly tungsten behaves and interacts with the plasma. That's what researchers are doing with WEST.

The team at PPPL, for example, modified a diagnostic tool that they used in this latest experiment from WEST. The tool helped the team accurately measure the plasma's temperature to better understand how tungsten migrates from the wall of the device to the plasma.

"We can detect how it moves inside, we can follow it, we can study its transport inside the machine," Delgadot-Aparicio said, which could help build future methods for keeping the plasma free of impurities like blobs of tungsten that cool it down.

"Now we understand how that cooling needs to be taken care of," he said, "and that experience is going to be exported next door to ITER."

WEST and ITER aren't the only reactors that use tungsten.

Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), for example, is using tungsten walls for SPARC, its demonstration fusion reactor. And Korea's KSTAR has a tungsten divertor and recently demonstrated a 30-second, 100-million-degree plasma.

Whether tungsten proves to be the key to unlocking commercial fusion energy remains to be seen.

Commercial fusion energy is still likely decades away, but Delgado-Aparicio thinks they're making steps toward "this big goal of giving energy to humankind."

PPPL said it will publish the results of its experiment in a peer-reviewed journal in a few weeks.

• Democratic Rep. Henry Cuellar of Texas was indicted by federal prosecutors on Friday.
• He and his wife are accused of taking bribes from Azerbaijan and a Mexican bank.
• The growing scandal is drawing some comparisons on the right to George Santos.

Rep. Henry Cuellar is in the midst of a growing bribery scandal involving Azerbaijan and a Mexican bank.

The Department of Justice unsealed an indictment against the Texas Democrat and his wife on Friday, accusing the duo of accepting nearly $600,000 in bribes over the course of nearly seven years.

Cuellar is the third sitting lawmaker to be indicted this Congress, following former Republican Rep. George Santos of New York and Democratic Sen. Bob Menendez of New York.

Here's everything to know about the charges against Cuellar, who the Texas Democrat is, and why some on the right are comparing his situation to that of Santos.

Cuellar and his wife are accused of bribery, money laundering, and acting as an unregistered foreign agent

According to the 54-page indictment, Cuellar and his wife accepted bribes from both Azerbaijan and a Mexican bank from December 2014 to November 2021, doing so through a series of shell companies and intermediaries.

The indictment alleges that the couple collected roughly $600,000 in bribes — $360,000 from the State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic and $236,390 from Banco Azteca.

In the case of Azerbaijan, Cuellar's been accused of using his position as a member of the House Appropriations Committee to influence legislation to the benefit of the oil-rich state.

With Banco Azteca, Cuellar has been accused pressuring officials in the executive branch to pursue policies favorable to the bank, as will as introducing legislation to shield the payday lending industry from federal regulation.

The criminal counts against Cuellar and his wife include:

• 2 counts of conspiracy to commit bribery of a federal official and to have a public official act as an agent of a foreign principal;

• 2 counts of bribery of a federal official;

• 2 counts of conspiracy to commit honest services wire fraud;

• 2 counts of violating the ban on public officials acting as agents of a foreign principal;

• 1 count of conspiracy to commit money laundering;

• 5 counts of money laundering.

Cuellar has denied any wrongdoing, saying in a statement that he and his wife are "innocent of these allegations" and that he still plans to seek reelection.

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Aside from his bribery scandal, Cuellar has been a top target of progressives for years, owing to his relatively conservative politics. He is the only House Democrat who voted against a bill to protect abortion rights nationwide during the last Congress, and he has previously received an "A" rating from the National Rifle Association.

Cuellar faced a stiff challenge in 2022 from immigration lawyer Jessica Cisneros, who had the backing of progressives like Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Bernie Sanders. Ultimately, Cuellar won his primary by less than 300 votes.

He was endorsed by the entirety of House Democratic leadership, who opted to endorse him again last year.

That's even after the congressman faced an FBI raid on his home in 2022.

The George Santos comparison

It's only been a few days, but so far, Democrats have largely held off on calling for Cuellar to resign.

A spokesperson for House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries said on Friday that Cuellar would "take leave" as the top Democrat on a key House subcommittee until the issue is resolved.

That's led some to point to an apparent hypocrisy between how they're handling this situation versus George Santos, who was indicted on several criminal charges but was not yet convicted when Democrats and nearly half of House Republicans voted to expel him in December.

Santos himself has made an issue out of it, claiming in a post on X that he's "ready to go to the Supreme Court to fight the constitutionality of my expulsion if the standard isn't maintained."

But it's more complicated than that.

For one, Republicans don't seem to be on the same page about this. While House Republicans' campaign arm has sought to tie other Democrats to Cuellar's scandal, former President Donald Trump has defended the congressman, argued that he's being targeted by President Joe Biden because of his conservative politics.

Additionally, the standard that lawmakers set for Santos's expulsion was the release of a House Ethics Committee report. Once that committee did so — revealing, among other things, that Santos had bilked his campaign donors to pay for Botox — a broad bipartisan majority of lawmakers opted to expel Santos.